Check Income Tax Calculation FY 2022-23 for salaried employees. Know the Income Tax rules for the taxation of all the components of CTC or the gross salary. The Salary components are mainly consists of :
1) Basic Pay
Key Highlights :
- Basic pay is always fully taxable.
2) Income Tax Calculation – HRA
If any taxpayer receiving House Rent Allowance (HRA) and pays rent for residential accommodation then he/she can claim exemption under section 10[13A], subject to the lower of the following mentioned limits i.e. Minimum of the following amounts could be claimed as exempt from tax:
(i) Actual amount received
(ii) 50% of salary if living in metro cities (i.e. Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata) and 40% of salary in other cases.
(iii) Rent paid in excess of 10% of salary
For the purpose of computation of the exempt HRA amount, Salary would mean Basic salary plus Dearness allowance [if it forms part of retirement benefits] and commission received on the basis of turnover.
NOTE – If the taxpayer receiving HRA doesn’t pay any rent, the whole of the amount of HRA will be taxable.
3) Variable Pay
Variable pay is the portion of compensation usually determined by employee performance and is is fully taxable. Reimbursement (Conveyance, Books & Newspapers/Periodicals, Mobile, Entertainment etc.)
As per section 10(14) of the IT Act, allowances granted to employees for official purpose are exempt from tax, provided such expenses are actually incurred by employees. Employee should have necessary bills and vouchers as an evidence to claim exemption.
Therefore conveyance allowance is exempt to the extent of expenditure incurred. Similarly, reimbursement with respect to books/newspapers and periodicals could be claimed as exemption u/s 10(14) whereas reimbursement for mobile phone expenses is exempt in accordance with Rule 3(7)(ix) of the IT Rules.
Entertainment allowance, on the other hand, is fully taxable in case of private employees. If such entertainment allowance is provided to employees to reimburse the expenses on the hospitality of customers of the business i.e. for business purpose, the same may be claimed as exemption u/s 10(14) of the IT Act.
4) Leave travel allowance (LTA)
For the purpose of claiming exemption with respect to Leave Travel Allowance/ Concession u/s 10(5), the taxpayer needs to fulfill certain conditions as follows:
i. Actual journey is undertaken by the taxpayer
ii. Only domestic travels is considered for the purpose of claiming such exemption
iii. Exemption available for employee alone or with his family, family includes spouse, children ,dependent parents, brothers and sisters of the employee. However, exemption is not available for more than 2 children born after 1 October 1998. Further in cases of multiple births on second occasion after having one child is not affected by this restriction
iv. LTA exemption is allowed maximum 2 times i.e. in respect of 2 journeys in a block of 4 calendar years (2022-2025). The quantum of exemption would vary as per the mode of journey. For instance in case of Air Travel, lower of actual expenses incurred or economy class fare would be allowed.
Also Know – How to Calculate Tax on Share Dividends ?
5) Bonus
Bonus is fully taxable
6) Income Tax Calculation – Gratuity
Gratuity, if any, received during the employment is fully taxable. However, Gratuity received at the time of retirement would undergo tax treatment depending on whether the employer is covered under Payment of gratuity Act or not.
If the employer is covered under Payment of Gratuity Act, then the least of following is exempt u/s 10(10) of the IT Act:
i. Actual amount received
ii. Rs. 20,00,000
iii. 15 days salary based on salary last drawn for every completed year of service or part thereof in excess of 6 months (i.e. 15/26 * Salary p.m. * No. of years of completion of service)
For the purpose of aforementioned computation, salary would mean Basic salary p.m. plus Dearness Allowance.
If the employer is not covered under Payment of Gratuity Act, then the least of following is exempt
i. Actual amount received
ii. Rs. 20,00,000
iii. Half month’s salary for each completed year of service. (i.e. ½ * Average Salary p.m. * No. of years of completion of service) While calculating completed years, any fraction of a year shall be ignored.
NOTE : For the purpose of aforementioned computation, Average Salary p.m. would mean Average Basic Salary of last 10 months plus Dearness allowance [if it forms part of retirement benefits] of the last 10 months and Average Commission received on the basis of turnover of the last 10 months.
